Manuscript Number : IJSRST523103206

Design and Performance Analysis of UWB Circular Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure

Authors(2) :-K. Asha, Dr. S. Swarnalatha

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of an ultra-wideband (UWB) circular patch multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a defected ground structure (DGS). The proposed antenna design has a compact area of 60x30 mm^2, resulting in a total size of 1800 mm^2. The circular patch configuration allows for improved bandwidth and frequency coverage. The MIMO antenna consists of two circular type patches, with a separation distance of 0.05Ag, where Ag represents the area of the antenna. By optimizing the dimensions and positioning of the circular patches, the antenna achieves resonant frequencies at 2.5, 6.3, 8.2, and 11.64 GHz. This frequency range effectively covers the spectrum from 2.0 to 20.0 GHz, providing excellent UWB performance. To enhance the antenna's performance, a defected ground structure (DGS) is incorporated. The DGS helps in suppressing unwanted harmonics and improves the antenna's radiation characteristics. Additionally, the antenna design is carefully optimized to maintain a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of ≤2, ensuring efficient power transfer and signal integrity. The proposed UWB circular patch MIMO antenna with a defected ground structure offers significant advantages, including a compact form factor, wide frequency coverage, and improved performance. The design and performance analysis presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of this antenna for various wireless communication applications, such as ultra-wideband systems, radar, and wireless sensing.

Authors and Affiliations

K. Asha
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, S.V.University College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. S. Swarnalatha
Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, S.V.University College of Engineering, Tirupati, , Andhra Pradesh, India

Video Steganography, Data Hiding, Convolutional Neural Network, Residual Modelling

  1. Federal Communications Commission, Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Co mmission.
  2. S. Sadat, M. Fardis, F. Geran and G. Dadashzadeh, “A Compact Microstrip Square Ring Slot Antenna for UWB Applications”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 67, pp. 173-179, 2001.
  3.  K.G Jangid, Ajay Tiwari, Vijay Sharma, V.S Kulhar, V.K Saxena and D. Bhatnagar, “Circular Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Communication with WLAN Band Rejection”, Defence Science Journal, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 162-167, 2016.
  4. L. Liu, S.W. Cheung, R. Azim and M.T. Islam, “A Compact Circular-Ring Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 2283-2288, 2011.
  5. M.L. Meena and Mithilesh Kumar, “Partially Hexagonal Ground Plane UWB Elliptical Patch Antenna”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 66-73, 2013.
  6. Liang Xu, Y ong-Iun Luo and Zhen-yu Xin, “A Compact Monopole Antenna for Bluetooth and UWB applications with Dual Band Notched Characteristics”, Proceedings of International Workshop on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and System Technology, pp. 50-53, 2013.
  7. A. Bhattacharya, B. Roy, M. Islam, S.K. Chowdhury and A.K. Bhattacharjee, “An UWB Monopole Antenna with Hexagonal Patch Structure Designed using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Wireless Applications”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Microelectronics, Computing and Communications, pp. 1-5, 2016.
  8. Y.S. Santawani and S.R. Suralkar, “A Compact Hexagonal Shaped Patch Antenna for UWB Applications using CPW Feed”, Proceedings of International Conference on Pervasive Computing, pp. 1-5, 2015.
  9. M.L. Meena and Mithilesh kumar, “Eight Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna with Crescent Slot for Wideband Applications”, Proceedings of 5 th IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligent and Communication Network, pp. 49-54, 2013.
  10. Y.S. Hu, M. Li, G.P. Gao, J.S. Zhang and M.K. Yang, “A Double-Printed Trapezoidal Patch Dipole Antenna for UWB Applications with Band-Notched Characteristic”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 103, pp. 259-269, 2010.
  11. P.A. Nawale and R.G. Zope, “Design and Improvement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Parameters using Defected Ground Structure”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 123-129, 2014.
  12. K. Abhishek, R. Sharma and S. Kumar, “Bandwidth Enhancement using Z-Shaped Defected Ground Structure for a Microstrip Antenna”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 55, pp. 2251-2254, 2013.
  13.  Gagandeep Kaur, Geetanjali Singla and Simarjit Kaur, “Design of Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Applications”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 23- 27, 2013.
  14. K.A. Ashwini, M.V. Kartikeyan and A. Patnaik, “Efficiency Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure”, Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Microwave Theory and Applications, pp. 729-773, 2008.
  15. G. Singh, R. Rajni and R.S. Momi, “Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Bandwidth Enhancement”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 73, No. 9, pp. 14-18, 2013.
  16. R.A. Fayadh, H.A. Fadhil, F. Malek and N. Saudin, “Design of Ultra Wideband Rectangular Microstrip Notched Patch Antenna”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Control Systems, Computing and Engineering, pp. 408- 412, 2013.
  17. A. Rajagopalan, G. Gupta, A.S. Konanur, B. Hughes and G. Lazzi, “Increasing Channel Capacity of an Ultra wideband MIMO System using Vector Antennas”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 2880- 2887, 2007.
  18. M.H. Hoang, H.P. Phan, Q.H. Dien and D.L. Nguyen, “Design and Experimental Study of An Ultra-Wideband Radar System”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, pp. 64-68, 2014.
  19. Kenny Seungwoo and Ahmed A. Kishk, “UWB Antenna with Single or Dual Band-Notches for Lower WLAN Band and Upper WLAN Band”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 12, pp. 3942-3950, 2009.
  20. Y.D. Dong, W. Hong, Z.Q. Kuai and J.X. Chen, “Analysis of Planar Ultra Wideband Antenna with on Ground Slot Band-Notched Structures”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 7, pp. 1886-1893, 2009.
  21. J.R. Panda, P. Kakumanu and R.S. Kshetrimayum, “A Wideband Monopole Antenna in Combination with a UWB Microwave Band-Pass Filter for Application in UWB Communication System”, Proceedings of Annual IEEE India Conference, pp. 186-189, 2010.
  22. Abhik Gorai, Shashank Verma, Anirban Karmakar and Rowdra Ghatak, “Sierpinski Fractal Binomial Tapered Planar Monopole Antenna for UWB Communication”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication, pp. 1853-1859, 2012.
  23. R. Sharma, A. Kandwal and S.K. Khah, “Wideband DGS Circular Ring Microstrip Antenna Design using Fuzzy Approach with Suppressed Cross Polar Radiations”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 42, pp. 177- 190, 2013.
  24. S. Rawat and K.K. Sharma, “A Compact Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for C-Band Applications”, Central European Journal of Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 287-292, 2014.
  25. J.A. Ansari, S. Verma, M.K. Verma and N. Agrawal, “A Novel Wide Band Microstrip Line-Fed Antenna with Defected Ground for CP Operation”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 58, pp. 169-181, 2015.
  26. M.L. Meena, Mithilesh Kumar, Girish Parmar and R.S. Meena, “Design Analysis and Modeling of Directional UWB Antenna with Elliptical Slotted Ground Structure for Applications in C & X Bands”, Progress in Electromagnetic Research C, Vol. 63, pp. 193-207, 2016.
  27. P. Zhao, Dongling He, and Xiaodong Huang. “Compact UWB Antenna using Multiple Radiation Arms loaded with Circular Patches”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, pp. 149-153, 2016.
  28. A.M. Abbosh, M. E. Bialkowski, J. Mazierska and M.V. Jacob, “A Planar UWB Antenna with Signal Rejection Capability in the 4/6 GHz Band”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 278-280, 2006.
  29. K. Anusudha and M. Karmugil, “Design of Circular Microstip Patch Antenna for Ultra Wide Band Applications”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies, pp. 304-308, 2016.
  30. M. Dhanvijay, P. Anuradha and R.K. Gupta, “Compact Circular Ring-Shaped Monopole UWB MIMO Antenna”, Proceedings of IEEE 3rd International Conference on Sensing, Signal Processing and Security, pp. 104-107, 2017.

Publication Details

Published in : Volume 10 | Issue 4 | July-August 2023
Date of Publication : 2023-07-04
License:  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Page(s) : 11-22
Manuscript Number : IJSRST523103206
Publisher : Technoscience Academy

Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Online ISSN : 2395-602X

Cite This Article :

K. Asha, Dr. S. Swarnalatha, " Design and Performance Analysis of UWB Circular Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure", International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Online ISSN : 2395-602X, Volume 10, Issue 4, pp.11-22, July-August-2023.
Journal URL : https://ijsrst.com/IJSRST523103206
Citation Detection and Elimination     |      | | Federal Communications Commission, Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Co mmission.
  • S. Sadat, M. Fardis, F. Geran and G. Dadashzadeh, “A Compact Microstrip Square Ring Slot Antenna for UWB Applications”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 67, pp. 173-179, 2001.
  •  K.G Jangid, Ajay Tiwari, Vijay Sharma, V.S Kulhar, V.K Saxena and D. Bhatnagar, “Circular Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Communication with WLAN Band Rejection”, Defence Science Journal, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 162-167, 2016.
  • L. Liu, S.W. Cheung, R. Azim and M.T. Islam, “A Compact Circular-Ring Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 2283-2288, 2011.
  • M.L. Meena and Mithilesh Kumar, “Partially Hexagonal Ground Plane UWB Elliptical Patch Antenna”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 66-73, 2013.
  • Liang Xu, Y ong-Iun Luo and Zhen-yu Xin, “A Compact Monopole Antenna for Bluetooth and UWB applications with Dual Band Notched Characteristics”, Proceedings of International Workshop on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and System Technology, pp. 50-53, 2013.
  • A. Bhattacharya, B. Roy, M. Islam, S.K. Chowdhury and A.K. Bhattacharjee, “An UWB Monopole Antenna with Hexagonal Patch Structure Designed using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Wireless Applications”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Microelectronics, Computing and Communications, pp. 1-5, 2016.
  • Y.S. Santawani and S.R. Suralkar, “A Compact Hexagonal Shaped Patch Antenna for UWB Applications using CPW Feed”, Proceedings of International Conference on Pervasive Computing, pp. 1-5, 2015.
  • M.L. Meena and Mithilesh kumar, “Eight Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna with Crescent Slot for Wideband Applications”, Proceedings of 5 th IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligent and Communication Network, pp. 49-54, 2013.
  • Y.S. Hu, M. Li, G.P. Gao, J.S. Zhang and M.K. Yang, “A Double-Printed Trapezoidal Patch Dipole Antenna for UWB Applications with Band-Notched Characteristic”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 103, pp. 259-269, 2010.
  • P.A. Nawale and R.G. Zope, “Design and Improvement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Parameters using Defected Ground Structure”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 123-129, 2014.
  • K. Abhishek, R. Sharma and S. Kumar, “Bandwidth Enhancement using Z-Shaped Defected Ground Structure for a Microstrip Antenna”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 55, pp. 2251-2254, 2013.
  •  Gagandeep Kaur, Geetanjali Singla and Simarjit Kaur, “Design of Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Applications”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 23- 27, 2013.
  • K.A. Ashwini, M.V. Kartikeyan and A. Patnaik, “Efficiency Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure”, Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Microwave Theory and Applications, pp. 729-773, 2008.
  • G. Singh, R. Rajni and R.S. Momi, “Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Bandwidth Enhancement”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 73, No. 9, pp. 14-18, 2013.
  • R.A. Fayadh, H.A. Fadhil, F. Malek and N. Saudin, “Design of Ultra Wideband Rectangular Microstrip Notched Patch Antenna”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Control Systems, Computing and Engineering, pp. 408- 412, 2013.
  • A. Rajagopalan, G. Gupta, A.S. Konanur, B. Hughes and G. Lazzi, “Increasing Channel Capacity of an Ultra wideband MIMO System using Vector Antennas”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 2880- 2887, 2007.
  • M.H. Hoang, H.P. Phan, Q.H. Dien and D.L. Nguyen, “Design and Experimental Study of An Ultra-Wideband Radar System”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, pp. 64-68, 2014.
  • Kenny Seungwoo and Ahmed A. Kishk, “UWB Antenna with Single or Dual Band-Notches for Lower WLAN Band and Upper WLAN Band”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 12, pp. 3942-3950, 2009.
  • Y.D. Dong, W. Hong, Z.Q. Kuai and J.X. Chen, “Analysis of Planar Ultra Wideband Antenna with on Ground Slot Band-Notched Structures”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 7, pp. 1886-1893, 2009.
  • J.R. Panda, P. Kakumanu and R.S. Kshetrimayum, “A Wideband Monopole Antenna in Combination with a UWB Microwave Band-Pass Filter for Application in UWB Communication System”, Proceedings of Annual IEEE India Conference, pp. 186-189, 2010.
  • Abhik Gorai, Shashank Verma, Anirban Karmakar and Rowdra Ghatak, “Sierpinski Fractal Binomial Tapered Planar Monopole Antenna for UWB Communication”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication, pp. 1853-1859, 2012.
  • R. Sharma, A. Kandwal and S.K. Khah, “Wideband DGS Circular Ring Microstrip Antenna Design using Fuzzy Approach with Suppressed Cross Polar Radiations”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 42, pp. 177- 190, 2013.
  • S. Rawat and K.K. Sharma, “A Compact Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for C-Band Applications”, Central European Journal of Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 287-292, 2014.
  • J.A. Ansari, S. Verma, M.K. Verma and N. Agrawal, “A Novel Wide Band Microstrip Line-Fed Antenna with Defected Ground for CP Operation”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 58, pp. 169-181, 2015.
  • M.L. Meena, Mithilesh Kumar, Girish Parmar and R.S. Meena, “Design Analysis and Modeling of Directional UWB Antenna with Elliptical Slotted Ground Structure for Applications in C & X Bands”, Progress in Electromagnetic Research C, Vol. 63, pp. 193-207, 2016.
  • P. Zhao, Dongling He, and Xiaodong Huang. “Compact UWB Antenna using Multiple Radiation Arms loaded with Circular Patches”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, pp. 149-153, 2016.
  • A.M. Abbosh, M. E. Bialkowski, J. Mazierska and M.V. Jacob, “A Planar UWB Antenna with Signal Rejection Capability in the 4/6 GHz Band”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 278-280, 2006.
  • K. Anusudha and M. Karmugil, “Design of Circular Microstip Patch Antenna for Ultra Wide Band Applications”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies, pp. 304-308, 2016.
  • M. Dhanvijay, P. Anuradha and R.K. Gupta, “Compact Circular Ring-Shaped Monopole UWB MIMO Antenna”, Proceedings of IEEE 3rd International Conference on Sensing, Signal Processing and Security, pp. 104-107, 2017.
    • " target="_blank"> BibTeX     | Federal Communications Commission, Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Co mmission.
  • S. Sadat, M. Fardis, F. Geran and G. Dadashzadeh, “A Compact Microstrip Square Ring Slot Antenna for UWB Applications”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 67, pp. 173-179, 2001.
  •  K.G Jangid, Ajay Tiwari, Vijay Sharma, V.S Kulhar, V.K Saxena and D. Bhatnagar, “Circular Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Communication with WLAN Band Rejection”, Defence Science Journal, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 162-167, 2016.
  • L. Liu, S.W. Cheung, R. Azim and M.T. Islam, “A Compact Circular-Ring Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 2283-2288, 2011.
  • M.L. Meena and Mithilesh Kumar, “Partially Hexagonal Ground Plane UWB Elliptical Patch Antenna”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 66-73, 2013.
  • Liang Xu, Y ong-Iun Luo and Zhen-yu Xin, “A Compact Monopole Antenna for Bluetooth and UWB applications with Dual Band Notched Characteristics”, Proceedings of International Workshop on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and System Technology, pp. 50-53, 2013.
  • A. Bhattacharya, B. Roy, M. Islam, S.K. Chowdhury and A.K. Bhattacharjee, “An UWB Monopole Antenna with Hexagonal Patch Structure Designed using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Wireless Applications”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Microelectronics, Computing and Communications, pp. 1-5, 2016.
  • Y.S. Santawani and S.R. Suralkar, “A Compact Hexagonal Shaped Patch Antenna for UWB Applications using CPW Feed”, Proceedings of International Conference on Pervasive Computing, pp. 1-5, 2015.
  • M.L. Meena and Mithilesh kumar, “Eight Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna with Crescent Slot for Wideband Applications”, Proceedings of 5 th IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligent and Communication Network, pp. 49-54, 2013.
  • Y.S. Hu, M. Li, G.P. Gao, J.S. Zhang and M.K. Yang, “A Double-Printed Trapezoidal Patch Dipole Antenna for UWB Applications with Band-Notched Characteristic”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 103, pp. 259-269, 2010.
  • P.A. Nawale and R.G. Zope, “Design and Improvement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Parameters using Defected Ground Structure”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 123-129, 2014.
  • K. Abhishek, R. Sharma and S. Kumar, “Bandwidth Enhancement using Z-Shaped Defected Ground Structure for a Microstrip Antenna”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 55, pp. 2251-2254, 2013.
  •  Gagandeep Kaur, Geetanjali Singla and Simarjit Kaur, “Design of Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Applications”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 23- 27, 2013.
  • K.A. Ashwini, M.V. Kartikeyan and A. Patnaik, “Efficiency Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure”, Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Microwave Theory and Applications, pp. 729-773, 2008.
  • G. Singh, R. Rajni and R.S. Momi, “Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Bandwidth Enhancement”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 73, No. 9, pp. 14-18, 2013.
  • R.A. Fayadh, H.A. Fadhil, F. Malek and N. Saudin, “Design of Ultra Wideband Rectangular Microstrip Notched Patch Antenna”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Control Systems, Computing and Engineering, pp. 408- 412, 2013.
  • A. Rajagopalan, G. Gupta, A.S. Konanur, B. Hughes and G. Lazzi, “Increasing Channel Capacity of an Ultra wideband MIMO System using Vector Antennas”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 2880- 2887, 2007.
  • M.H. Hoang, H.P. Phan, Q.H. Dien and D.L. Nguyen, “Design and Experimental Study of An Ultra-Wideband Radar System”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, pp. 64-68, 2014.
  • Kenny Seungwoo and Ahmed A. Kishk, “UWB Antenna with Single or Dual Band-Notches for Lower WLAN Band and Upper WLAN Band”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 12, pp. 3942-3950, 2009.
  • Y.D. Dong, W. Hong, Z.Q. Kuai and J.X. Chen, “Analysis of Planar Ultra Wideband Antenna with on Ground Slot Band-Notched Structures”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 7, pp. 1886-1893, 2009.
  • J.R. Panda, P. Kakumanu and R.S. Kshetrimayum, “A Wideband Monopole Antenna in Combination with a UWB Microwave Band-Pass Filter for Application in UWB Communication System”, Proceedings of Annual IEEE India Conference, pp. 186-189, 2010.
  • Abhik Gorai, Shashank Verma, Anirban Karmakar and Rowdra Ghatak, “Sierpinski Fractal Binomial Tapered Planar Monopole Antenna for UWB Communication”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication, pp. 1853-1859, 2012.
  • R. Sharma, A. Kandwal and S.K. Khah, “Wideband DGS Circular Ring Microstrip Antenna Design using Fuzzy Approach with Suppressed Cross Polar Radiations”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 42, pp. 177- 190, 2013.
  • S. Rawat and K.K. Sharma, “A Compact Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for C-Band Applications”, Central European Journal of Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 287-292, 2014.
  • J.A. Ansari, S. Verma, M.K. Verma and N. Agrawal, “A Novel Wide Band Microstrip Line-Fed Antenna with Defected Ground for CP Operation”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 58, pp. 169-181, 2015.
  • M.L. Meena, Mithilesh Kumar, Girish Parmar and R.S. Meena, “Design Analysis and Modeling of Directional UWB Antenna with Elliptical Slotted Ground Structure for Applications in C & X Bands”, Progress in Electromagnetic Research C, Vol. 63, pp. 193-207, 2016.
  • P. Zhao, Dongling He, and Xiaodong Huang. “Compact UWB Antenna using Multiple Radiation Arms loaded with Circular Patches”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, pp. 149-153, 2016.
  • A.M. Abbosh, M. E. Bialkowski, J. Mazierska and M.V. Jacob, “A Planar UWB Antenna with Signal Rejection Capability in the 4/6 GHz Band”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 278-280, 2006.
  • K. Anusudha and M. Karmugil, “Design of Circular Microstip Patch Antenna for Ultra Wide Band Applications”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies, pp. 304-308, 2016.
  • M. Dhanvijay, P. Anuradha and R.K. Gupta, “Compact Circular Ring-Shaped Monopole UWB MIMO Antenna”, Proceedings of IEEE 3rd International Conference on Sensing, Signal Processing and Security, pp. 104-107, 2017.
    • " target="_blank">RIS     | Federal Communications Commission, Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Co mmission.
  • S. Sadat, M. Fardis, F. Geran and G. Dadashzadeh, “A Compact Microstrip Square Ring Slot Antenna for UWB Applications”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 67, pp. 173-179, 2001.
  •  K.G Jangid, Ajay Tiwari, Vijay Sharma, V.S Kulhar, V.K Saxena and D. Bhatnagar, “Circular Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Communication with WLAN Band Rejection”, Defence Science Journal, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 162-167, 2016.
  • L. Liu, S.W. Cheung, R. Azim and M.T. Islam, “A Compact Circular-Ring Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 2283-2288, 2011.
  • M.L. Meena and Mithilesh Kumar, “Partially Hexagonal Ground Plane UWB Elliptical Patch Antenna”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 66-73, 2013.
  • Liang Xu, Y ong-Iun Luo and Zhen-yu Xin, “A Compact Monopole Antenna for Bluetooth and UWB applications with Dual Band Notched Characteristics”, Proceedings of International Workshop on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and System Technology, pp. 50-53, 2013.
  • A. Bhattacharya, B. Roy, M. Islam, S.K. Chowdhury and A.K. Bhattacharjee, “An UWB Monopole Antenna with Hexagonal Patch Structure Designed using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Wireless Applications”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Microelectronics, Computing and Communications, pp. 1-5, 2016.
  • Y.S. Santawani and S.R. Suralkar, “A Compact Hexagonal Shaped Patch Antenna for UWB Applications using CPW Feed”, Proceedings of International Conference on Pervasive Computing, pp. 1-5, 2015.
  • M.L. Meena and Mithilesh kumar, “Eight Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna with Crescent Slot for Wideband Applications”, Proceedings of 5 th IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligent and Communication Network, pp. 49-54, 2013.
  • Y.S. Hu, M. Li, G.P. Gao, J.S. Zhang and M.K. Yang, “A Double-Printed Trapezoidal Patch Dipole Antenna for UWB Applications with Band-Notched Characteristic”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 103, pp. 259-269, 2010.
  • P.A. Nawale and R.G. Zope, “Design and Improvement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Parameters using Defected Ground Structure”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 123-129, 2014.
  • K. Abhishek, R. Sharma and S. Kumar, “Bandwidth Enhancement using Z-Shaped Defected Ground Structure for a Microstrip Antenna”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 55, pp. 2251-2254, 2013.
  •  Gagandeep Kaur, Geetanjali Singla and Simarjit Kaur, “Design of Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Applications”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 23- 27, 2013.
  • K.A. Ashwini, M.V. Kartikeyan and A. Patnaik, “Efficiency Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure”, Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Microwave Theory and Applications, pp. 729-773, 2008.
  • G. Singh, R. Rajni and R.S. Momi, “Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Bandwidth Enhancement”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 73, No. 9, pp. 14-18, 2013.
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